Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. While music engagement is often regarded as beneficial for mental health, some studies report higher risk for depression and anxiety among musicians. This study investigates whether shared underlying genetic influences genetic pleiotropy or gene-environment interaction could be at play in the music-mental health association using measured genotypes. In 5, Swedish twins with information on music and sport engagement, creative achievements, self-reported mental health and psychiatric diagnoses based on nationwide patient registries, we derived polygenic scores for major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, neuroticism, sensitivity to environmental stress, depressive symptoms and general musicality. In line with phenotypic associations, individuals with higher polygenic scores for major depression and bipolar disorder were more likely to play music, practice more music and reach higher dating and mental illness of general artistic achievements, while a higher genetic propensity for general musicality was marginally associated with a higher risk for a depression diagnosis. Importantly, polygenic scores for major depression and bipolar remained associated with music engagement when excluding individuals who experienced psychiatric symptoms, just as a genetic propensity for general musicality predicted a depression diagnosis regardless of whether and how much individuals played music. In addition, we found no evidence dating and mental illness gene-environment interaction: the phenotypic association between music engagement and mental health outcomes did not differ for individuals with different genetic vulnerability for mental health problems. Altogether, our findings suggest that mental health problems observed in musically active individuals are partly explained by a pre-existing genetic risk for depression and bipolar disorder and likely reflect horizontal pleiotropy when one gene influences multiple traitsrather than causal influences of mental health on music engagement, or vice versa referred to as vertical pleiotropy. While, intuitively, people tend to think that music engagement singing or playing an instrument is good for their mental health, the association between music engagement and mental health is in reality complex see for review: Gustavson, Coleman [ 1 ]. On the one hand, multiple studies report that people who are engaged in music or theatre report better physical and mental health [ 234 ]. Especially with regard to well-being and social connectedness, music engagement seems to be beneficial [ 5678 ]. On the other hand, some research suggests an association in the opposite direction. Two recent studies in large population-based samples reported more depression and anxiety among professional musicians [ 10 ] and depressive, burnout and psychotic-like experiences among amateur musicians [ 11 ] compared to non-players. Furthermore, higher rates of neuroticism have been found among professional musicians compared to amateurs and non-musicians [ 12 ] and neuroticism is a known risk factor for mental health problems [ 13 ]. Additionally, music engagement is a form of creative expression and higher creativity has been associated with psychotic-like experiences [ 14 ]. There are reasons to believe that the negative associations between music engagement and mental health arise because of underlying shared genetic influences. Individuals with a higher genetic risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are more likely to be a member of a creative society or work in a creative domain both include musicianship [ 15 ]. In line with this, we have also found that the higher risk for depressive, burnout, and psychotic-like experiences in people playing music diminishes when controlling for familial liability [ 11 ]. The presence of shared underlying genetic aetiology or genetic pleiotropy for music engagement and mental health can be due to several scenarios. One possibility is that one gene influences multiple traits. It is well known that genetic factors are involved in both mental health [ 16 ] and musicality [ 1718 ], and these genetic factors for music engagement and mental health could partly overlap. Secondly, underlying shared genes can also work via a causal effect of music engagement on mental health problems or vice versa. For example, individuals experiencing mental health problems as dating and mental illness result of a higher genetic risk for such problems in the first place, may be more likely to seek out environments where they can engage in musical activities to alleviate their mental health problems. In this scenario, genes influencing mental health problems will also have an indirect influence on music engagement, because of the causal effect of genetically predisposed mental health problems on music engagement. However, in line with findings from Power, Steinberg [ 20 ] on creativity and psychopathology, we would still expect musically active individuals to have a greater genetic risk for mental health problems than individuals not involved in music. Furthermore, more complex gene-environment interplay could also be at play in the music-mental health relationship. For example, music engagement could be particularly beneficial for individuals with a high genetic risk for mental health problems and have less of an effect on individuals with a low genetic risk, or vice versa. This could mask associations and explain previous dating and mental illness findings. A recent study has tested gene-environment interaction in the context of effects of sport dating and mental illness on depression and found that individuals across all levels of genetic vulnerability for major depressive disorder MDDincluding individuals at highest genetic risk, experience less episodes of depression when physically active, implying no gene-environment interaction [ 21 ]. To our knowledge, no earlier research made use of measured genetic variants to investigate gene-environment interaction in the music-mental health relationship. The overall aim of the present study was to comprehensively investigate the basis of the association between music engagement and various mental health problems utilizing a sample of genotyped twins with information on music engagement and mental health diagnoses self-reported and registry based. For this purpose, we made use of polygenic scores, which assess the genetic dating and mental illness in individuals for a trait of interest and are calculated as a weighted count of associated alleles identified in earlier genome-wide-association studies on that trait GWASs [ 22 ]. It is important to note that many common genetic variants with incrementally small effects influence human behavior, requiring extremely large GWAS samples to detect all. In addition, current GWASs do not incorporate rare genetic variants. Therefore, polygenic scores as yet capture only a fraction of the expected genetic variation underlying behavioral traits, and have small effect sizes [ 23 ]. We were especially interested in polygenic scores for mental health problems previously associated with musicianship and creativity, namely MDD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, neuroticism, sensitivity to environmental stress, and depressive symptoms.
Article Google Scholar Gale CR, Hagenaars SP, Davies G, Hill WD, Liewald DCM, Cullen B, et al. Gene-environment correlations across geographic regions affect genome-wide association studies. She is the editor-in-chief of Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice and worked for many years in the Veterans Affairs system. Supplemental Material. Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics C, et al LD Score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies.
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LGBTQ+ Dating: Online dating and its effect on well-being and relationship satisfaction in Nonmarital romantic relationships and mental health. The service offering ranges from counselling for psychological stress to legal matters, from personal questions about sexuality and partnerships. It can make romantic relationships intense. Borderline personality disorder affects one in people, according to a mental health charity. While music engagement is often regarded as beneficial for mental health, some studies report higher risk for depression and anxiety among musicians.Methods Participants The Study of Twin Adults: Genes and Environment STAGE is a cohort of around 32, twin individuals born between and registered at the Swedish Twin Registry STR. Amazon Advertising Kunden finden, gewinnen und binden. Weinberg MK, Joseph D. Five hottest baking trends Lifestyle. I don't think I should have children of my own later on. A comprehensive evaluation of polygenic score methods across cohorts in psychiatric disorders. Biological principles for music and mental health Article Open access 04 December Based on a systematic review preceding the questionnaire, we identified relevant stigma dimensions for children of parents with a mental illness that resulted in 93 items that according to theory were assumed to load on four different scales: experienced stigma, anticipated stigma, self-stigma, and structural discrimination. Zentner M, Eerola T. Transl Psychiatry 13 , 15 Mosing Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Laura W. After considering the content, the other items with too little discriminatory power were also removed one after the other, because they were either covered by other items or classified as non-essential. Nat Genet. Amazon Web Services Cloud Computing Dienste von Amazon. Additionally, music engagement is a form of creative expression and higher creativity has been associated with psychotic-like experiences [ 14 ]. For younger children, the language and delivery as an online survey does not seem the right format. Full size table. Altshuler DM, Gibbs RA, Peltonen L, Altshuler DM, Gibbs RA, Peltonen L, et al. Show results from All journals This journal. We also had to make sure we did not over- or under-represent some sub-aspects. Furthermore, we know that stigma varies depending on the individual's role within the family, and none of the established instruments combines all the stigma dimensions highlighted in the review that are relevant to children with a mentally ill parent. However, since it can be assumed that children of parents with mental illness are particularly exposed to stresses that may also be related to stigmatizing experiences, they were offered to contact the persons responsible for the study, who are child and adolescent psychotherapists, at any time. We used linear regressions to test whether the PGS for general musicality independent variable predicted self-reported continuous mental health outcomes dependent variables. The items' wording is often awkward [e. Importantly, polygenic scores for major depression and bipolar remained associated with music engagement when excluding individuals who experienced psychiatric symptoms, just as a genetic propensity for general musicality predicted a depression diagnosis regardless of whether and how much individuals played music. Further, we would like to point out that some of our findings did not survive a more conservative p-value of.
